Pennon Pattern

Flag and pennant are two short-term patterns that usually form during a brief pause in a strongly trending market. A moderate movement in the opposite direction to the main trend characterizes the pattern. Again, using bar charts, this period can last from three to seven days before a sharp breakout in the direction of the original trend is seen.

Example of an ascending "pennon"

Example of a descending "pennon"

A pennant is very similar to a flag, but instead of the sluggish pullback, market volatility decreases and price movement remains in line with the trend showing no evidence of retracement. Two points to note are 1) the pennant phase may last longer than the flag and 2) the pennant may take the form of triangles.

Pennant Pattern

Similar to the Flag chart formation, the pennant continuation pattern is guided by almost the same principles. The only difference between the two is that the support and resistance lines converge, which makes this continuation pattern to appear as a pennant.

Pennants can be either bullish or bearish. A chart pattern of a bullish pennant is observed when the original trend is bullish as well. On the other hand, a bearish pennant is observed under the conditions of a going down original trend. In both cases it is vital that the movement of the price preceding the pennant formation be a solid, steep move.

The pennant direction is not that important as is the case of the flag pattern, though generally the pennant is flat.

The pennant continuation pattern is considered complete when the breakout of the price is in the same direction of the steep price movement prior the formation. Additionally, there has to be heavy market volume during the breakout in order to confirm the chart pattern.

Flag Pattern

Shaped like a flagpole with a pennant, this formation is characterized by an upward movement with a large slope followed by a period of consolidation. It is considered a bullish pattern overall, as the pattern is expected to continue rising.

Example of an ascending "flag"

Example of a descending "flag"

Head and Shoulders

A pattern resembling two peaks (the shoulders) with a higher peak between the two shoulders (the head). The neckline, or the bottom boundary that both shoulders reach, is regarded as a key point traders can use to enter/exit positions.

This is probably the most famous of all chart patterns; however, its reliability is sometimes more reliable than others. When it works, it will always be seen as a reversal pattern and consists of four phases.

The first phase is the formation of a small peak (point A, which is the left shoulder). Then it retraces it. Next, more aggressive buying follows it, which in turn creates the head. Eventually, it retraces and tests the support (known as the neckline). Finally, it is followed by another attempt at a rally, which does not produce a peak as high as the head (point C). This is then followed by another test of the neckline.

Points B, D is the local minima.

This particular pattern is seen as a reversal, in which a break of the neckline is expected and the move should be in the amount equivalent from head to neckline.

The unreliability of this move result from the fact that the final test of the neckline does not always result in a break and the move continues in the same direction as before. This means a definite break of the neckline (e.g. 15-25 pips) should be seen before action is taken. Based on momentum, the momentum should be higher during the formation of the left shoulder than the right shoulder to confirm that this pattern is taking place and that buying pressure is decreasing.

Example of a "Head-shoulders" figure

The turned figure "Head-shoulders" does not require the description as its development is similar about accuracy up to on the contrary.

Example of a turned "Head-shoulders" figure

Speed Resistance Lines

Speed Resistance Lines are a figure for which it is difficult to define the general rules by quantity of maxima, minima, to the purposes of movement, etc. Therefore, it is usually allocated separately.

Speed Resistance Lines is the consecutive whiten trend movement, which corrections pass under different corners from an index point of trend movements.

At construction of Speed Resistance Lines, the following rule is used:

1. The minimum of a trend and the reached maximum of a trend are the reference point.

2. The line, which shares on pieces 2/3, 1/2 and 1 /3, is drawn. Speed Resistance Lines are drawn through these points. Break of line's thirds is considered a strong signal on sale.

Usually after break the first line as supports, there is a fast achievement of a following line, and the first becomes the resistance of movement. When the second line is broken, it also becomes resistance, and support becomes the third.

Thus, the prices for some time become "locked" between two lines.

Usually it is considered, that break of the third beam is a signal on purchase at a turn of an ascending trend or a signal on sale at a turn of a descending trend.

Example of "Speed Resistance Lines"

The situation with a descending trend will be mirror-like.

symmetrical triangle

This is also referred to as a coil and it usually forms during a trend as a continuation pattern. It contains at least two lower highs and two higher lows. At the time these points are conjoined, the lines converge as they are extended and the symmetrical triangle takes shape. One can also think of it as a contracting wedge, wide at the beginning and narrowing over time.

Example of a symmetric triangle

Descending Triangles

Descending Triangles is a bearish continuation pattern indicating distribution consisting of two or more comparable lows forming a horizontal line at the bottom. Descending triangles are bearish patterns that indicate distribution. The definitive bearish signal of a descending triangle is when support on the lower rung of the triangle is broken.

Example of descending "triangle"